Now we have the vehicle, the habitation box is under construction we can move on to the electrics.
We made a preliminary shopping list earlier of all electrical items we wanted in the off grid camper. Let's now add the Watts per hour needed to run these items. Obviously all the items will not be running 24/7 but we can work an average per day. From this we can work out the power requirements and how much battery storage, and solar we would need for off grid living. I have chosen to use a 24V system within my build. I work closely with Energy Monkey who are one of the UK’s Leading Victron Energy Distributors and Off-Grid Energy Specialists. With there help we came up with a heavy duty system to match the rugged truck build with a full list of components.
When using any domestic 240V appliance the use of a good battery bank of 12V / 24V DC storage and a DC to AC inverter is the only why to run these items. It's important you do your maths when designing the system. Ask yourself questions like: Do I need the washing machine on at the same time I'm using the electric oven cooking ? These will all have a massive effect on the load requirements of your build and can result in a very expensive system. I always advise to run one item at a time and leave good time in between for any possible solar recharge to happen. Unless you are parked on a campsite with mains hookup then this doesn't really apply.
Watts ÷ Volts(24V) = Ah
Ah x Usage(Hours) = Ah/day
Washer Dryer: ±2000W 83.33Ah
Usage: (1/2 hour per day) = 41.66Ah/day
Microwave: ±1000W 41.66Ah
Usage: (1/2 hour per day) = 20.83Ah/day
Gas Grill and Oven: ±1500W 62.50Ah
Usage: (1/2 hour per day) = 31.25Ah/day
Cooker hood extractor fan*: ±200W 8.33Ah
Usage: (1/2 hour per day) = 4.16Ah/day
Kettle: ±3,000W 125Ah
Usage: (3 x per day for 4 minutes) = 8.33Ah/day
Toaster ±700W 29.16Ah
Usage: (1x per day for 4 minutes) = 1.94Ah/day
Truma Aventa comfort air conditioning unit ±1,000W 41.66Ah
Usage: (1 hour per day) = 41.66Ah/day
TV* ±100W 4.16Ah
Usage: (1 hour per day) = 4.16Ah/day
StarLInk* ±140W 5.83Ah
Usage: (24/7 standby) = 140Ah/day
Echo Show 15* ±6W .25Ah
Usage: (24/7 standby) = 6Ah/Day
Apple MacBook Pro* ±96W 4Ah
Usage: (1 hour per day) = 4Ah/day
iPhone charger* ±10W .41Ah
Usage: (1/2 hour per day) = .20Ah/day
HP Inkjet printer* ±40W 1.66Ah
Usage: (24/7 standby) = 40Ah/day
Ubiquiti USW-24-POE Switch* ±20W .83Ah
Usage: (24/7 standby) = 20Ah/day
Internal wall sockets
Outside socket
* I will covert at a later date to 12V
Watts = 9,812W
Amp Hours = 309.18Ah
Amp Hour/Day = 401.69Ah/day
Most camper, or off grid appliances are designed to run on 12V / 24V. This makes things a lot better to run and maintain running for a considerable amount of time. It's often best to use the same voltage as the donor vehicle, in my case its 24V. Although I will be running 12V as well for 24V items.
Watts ÷ Volts(24V) = Ah
Ah x Usage(Hours) = Ah/day
Fridge Freezer: ±22W .91Ah
Usage: (24/7) = 22Ah/day
Eberspacher D5WSC heater (Heat towel rail in bathroom): ±40W 1.66Ah
Usage: (1hour per day) = 40Ah/day
Fresh water water drain valve: ±2W
Grey water grey drain valve: ±2W
Watts = 66W
Amp Hours = 2.57Ah
Amp Hour/Day = 66Ah/day
A lot of items can be run off 12V in a camper from lights to fridges. Some 240V items can be converted to run on 12V as well.
Watts ÷ Volts(24V) = Ah
Ah x Usage(Hours) = Ah/day
Truma Combo D6E 10litre diesel boiler: ±1,500W 62.5Ah
Usage: (1 day per month)
Truma AquaGo Plus Compact LPG boiler: ±30W 1.25Ah
Usage: (1/2 hour per day) = .62Ah/day
UV Water purification: ±100W 4.16Ah
Usage: (1/2 hour per day) = 2.08Ah/day
Water pump: ±60W 2.5Ah
Usage: (1 hour per day) = 2.5Ah/day
Bathroom extractor fan: ±30W 1.25Ah
Usage: (1/2 hour per day) = .62Ah/day
WooWoo Separett Tiny Compost toilet: ±1.5W .06Ah
Usage: (1/2 hour per day) = .03Ah/day
Teltonika RUT956 WiFi: ± 3W .12Ah
Usage: (24/7 Standby) = 3Ah/day
Inside LED Lights: ±10W per light x8 ±80W 3.33Ah
Usage: (2 hours per day) = 6.66Ah/day
Inside LED Strip lights: ±5W per metre x10metres ±50W 2.08Ah
Usage: (2 hours per day) = 4.16Ah/day
Outside LED Lights: x8 ±80W 3.3Ah
Usage: (1 hour per day) = 3.3Ah/day
3 Way Solenoid Valve ( Hot water boiler selector): ±2W
Watts = 1,934.5W
Amp Hours = 80.55Ah
Amp Hour/Day = 22.97Ah/day
As mentioned I will converting a few of the 240V appliances to run of 12V or less in the future. You will be surprised as to how many 240V appliances are actually running on just 12V DC or less. This will have a massive saving on load capacity in the future. These will require varies DC step down regulators in different voltages and wattage loads. I will also install enough 12V fuse boxes to allow for this transition, as it will be wise to still have each item fused. WARNING - Seek professional help when working with electrics no matter the voltage.
Watts: 11,812.5W
Amp Hours: 392.30Ah
Amp Hour/Day: 490.66Ah/day
Although the above figures are high, not all items would be on every single day.
So on average it would more likely be around: ±385Ah/day
Here is the system Energy Monkey have designed to met my requirements.
I will be adding the system install diagram at a later stage.
Roof Solar: 1620W
Battery Storage: 25.6V 600Ah LifePO4
Inverter Capacity: 24V 8000kWh
Generator Backup: 240V and 12V 6000 kWh
Campsite hookup: Yes 240V
1x Quattro 24/8000/200-100/100 230V VE.Bus
2x Lynx Distributor (M8)
1x Cerbo GX MK2
1x GX Touch 70
3x LiFePO4 Battery 25.6V/200Ah Smart-a
1x Blue Smart IP65 Charger 24/8(1) 230V
1x Lynx Smart BMS 500 (M8)
1x Orion-Tr Smart 24/24-17A (400W) Non-isolated DC-DC charger
1x Smart BatteryProtect 12/24V-100A
1x RJ45 UTP Cable 1.8 m
1x Interface MK3-USB (VE.Bus to USB)
2x 70mm² Welding Cable Black - 1m
2x 70mm² Welding Cable Red - 1m
10x 70mm Copper Tube Terminals 8mm
6x 70mm Copper Tube Terminals 10mm
6x 50mm² Welding Cable Black - 1m
6x 50mm² Welding Cable Red - 1m
14x 50mm Copper Tube Terminals 8mm
2x 16mm² Welding Cable Black - 1m
10x 16mm² Welding Cable Red - 1m
8x 16mm Copper Tube Terminals 8mm
2x Blue Sea Systems Switch Battery e-series ON/OFF
1x MEGA-fuse 250A/32V (package of 5 pcs)
1x Blue Sea Systems Fuse Block ST Blade 12 Circuits with Grounding/CVR 5026-BSS
1x Fuse holder for MEGA-fuse
1x MEGA-fuse 80A/32V (package of 5 pcs)
1x MEGA-fuse 200A/32V (package of 5 pcs)
1x Orion-Tr 24/12-30A (360W) Isolated DC-DC converter
4x JA Solar 405w Mono Half Cell
1x SmartSolar MPPT 250/70-MC4 VE.Can
1x VE.Direct Cable 1.8m
2x 35mm² Welding Cable Black - 1m
2x 35mm² Welding Cable Red - 1m
4x 35mm Copper Tube Terminals 8mm
4x Insulated Bootlace Ferrule for 35mm cable (red)
30x 6mm Solar Cable - 1m
4x Global Solar MC4 Connectors
A full system diagram will be available soon.
I have had massive support from Energy Monkey on my build and I can't recommend them enough. For all your camper van builds give them a shout: https://energymonkey.co.uk/
Energy Monkey kindly supplied me with a install diagram which clearly shows where each item should be mounted. They show how much space is needed and supplied the correct amount of wiring all cut to length. Once it is installed they will remotely login and configure the system for optimum use.
Yes, but very rarely. At the outset I am building this camper with multiple redundancies. Electricity supply is one of those critical sources. Only in very extreme cases will I opt to use the generator. As they are not very campsite friendly to others. In remote locations when I am on my own this will not be a problem.
This is a good question I have discussed this Energy Monkey and we can add this at a later stage if I decide as an alternative 'selectable supply in'.
moosejamoffgridandoverland
Stony Stratford, Milton Keynes